Quelltext der Seite Rollen für Langutor

= Links =
* https://www.allphptricks.com/simple-laravel-10-user-roles-and-permissions/

= Zielsetzung =
Es soll ein Rollen-/Rechtesystem mittels des Paketes <code>spatie/laravel-permission</code> eingerichtet werden.

= Vorgehen =

<pre>
composer require spatie/laravel-permission
</pre>
== app/Http/Kernel.php ==
<pre>
protected $middlewareAliases = [
        ....
        'role' => \Spatie\Permission\Middlewares\RoleMiddleware::class,
        'permission' => \Spatie\Permission\Middlewares\PermissionMiddleware::class,
        'role_or_permission' => \Spatie\Permission\Middlewares\RoleOrPermissionMiddleware::class,
    ];
</pre>
== app\Models\User.php ==
<pre>
...
  use HasApiTokens, HasFactory, Notifiable, HasRoles;
...
</pre>
<pre>
php artisan make:seeder PermissionSeeder
php artisan make:seeder RoleSeeder
php artisan make:seeder SuperAdminSeeder
</pre>
* database\seeders\PermissionSeeder.php
<pre>
  use Spatie\Permission\Models\Permission;
...
    public function run(): void
    {
        $permissions = [
           'create-role',
            'edit-role',
            'delete-role',
            'create-user',
            'edit-user',
            'delete-user',
            'create-data',
            'edit-data',
            'delete-data'
        ];
        // Looping and Inserting Array's Permissions into Permission Table
        foreach ($permissions as $permission) {
            Permission::create(['name' => $permission]);
        }
    }
</pre>
== database\seeders\RoleSeeder.php ==
<pre>
  use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;
...
    public function run(): void
    {
        Role::create(['name' => 'Super Admin']);
        $admin = Role::create(['name' => 'Admin']);
        $manager = Role::create(['name' => 'Manager']);
        $student = Role::create(['name' => 'Student']);
        $admin->givePermissionTo([
            'create-user',
            'edit-user',
            'delete-user',
            'create-product',
            'edit-product',
            'delete-product',
            'create-data',
            'edit-data',
            'delete-data'
        ]);
        $manager->givePermissionTo([
            'create-data',
            'edit-data',
            'delete-data'
        ]);
        $student->givePermissionTo([
            'create-data',
            'edit-data'
        ]);
    }
</pre>
== database\seeders\SuperAdminSeeder.php ==
<pre>
  use App\Models\User;
  use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
...
    public function run(): void
    {
        // Creating Super Admin User
        $superAdmin = User::create([
            'name' => 'Langutor',
            'email' => 'langutor@hamatoma.de',
            'password' => Hash::make('topSecret')
        ]);
        $superAdmin->assignRole('Super Admin');

        // Creating Admin User
        $admin = User::create([
            'name' => 'administrator',
            'email' => 'langutor@hamatoma.de',
            'password' => Hash::make('topSecret')
        ]);
        $admin->assignRole('Admin');

        // Creating Product Manager User
        $manager = User::create([
            'name' => 'Alice',
            'email' => 'alice@hamatoma.de',
            'password' => Hash::make('topSecret')
        ]);
        $manager->assignRole('Manager');
    }
</pre>
== database\seeders\DatabaseSeeder.php ==
<pre>
use Database\Seeders\RoleSeeder;
use Database\Seeders\PermissionSeeder;
use Database\Seeders\SuperAdminSeeder;
...
    public function run(): void
    {
        // \App\Models\User::factory(10)->create();
        // \App\Models\User::factory()->create([
        //     'name' => 'Test User',
        //     'email' => 'test@example.com',
        // ]);
        $this->call([
            PermissionSeeder::class,
            RoleSeeder::class,
            SuperAdminSeeder::class,
        ]);
    }
</pre>
== Terminal ==
<pre>
php artisan migrate:fresh --seed
</pre>

== app\Providers\AuthServiceProvider.php ==
<pre>
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate;
...
    public function boot(): void
    {
        Gate::before(function ($user, $ability) {
            return $user->hasRole('Super Admin') ? true : null;
        });
    }
</pre>
== Enable Bootstrap 5 ==
* app\Providers\AppServiceProvider.php
<pre>
use Illuminate\Pagination\Paginator;
...
    public function boot(): void
    {
        Paginator::useBootstrapFive();
    }
</pre>

== routes/web.php ==
<pre>
Route::resources([
    'roles' => RoleController::class,
    'users' => UserController::class,
]);
</pre>

== Controller für Role und Resources ==
<pre>
php artisan make:controller RoleController --resource
php artisan make:controller UserController --resource
</pre>
* app/http/Controllers/RoleController:
<pre>
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Http\Requests\StoreRoleRequest;
use App\Http\Requests\UpdateRoleRequest;
use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;
use Spatie\Permission\Models\Permission;
use Illuminate\View\View;
use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
use DB;
class RoleController extends Controller
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->middleware('auth');
        $this->middleware('permission:create-role|edit-role|delete-role', ['only' => ['index', 'show']]);
        $this->middleware('permission:create-role', ['only' => ['create', 'store']]);
        $this->middleware('permission:edit-role', ['only' => ['edit', 'update']]);
        $this->middleware('permission:delete-role', ['only' => ['destroy']]);
    }
    /**
     * Display a listing of the resource.
     */
    public function index(): View
    {
        return view('roles.index', [
            'roles' => Role::orderBy('id', 'DESC')->paginate(3)
        ]);
    }
    /**
     * Show the form for creating a new resource.
     */
    public function create(): View
    {
        return view('roles.create', [
            'permissions' => Permission::get()
        ]);
    }
    /**
     * Store a newly created resource in storage.
     */
    public function store(StoreRoleRequest $request): RedirectResponse
    {
        $role = Role::create(['name' => $request->name]);
        $role->syncPermissions($request->permissions);

        return redirect()->route('roles.index')
            ->withSuccess('New role is added successfully.');
    }
    /**
     * Display the specified resource.
     */
    public function show(Role $role): View
    {
        $rolePermissions = Permission::join("role_has_permissions", "permission_id", "=", "id")
            ->where("role_id", $role->id)
            ->select('name')
            ->get();
        return view('roles.show', [
            'role' => $role,
            'rolePermissions' => $rolePermissions
        ]);
    }
    /**
     * Show the form for editing the specified resource.
     */
    public function edit(Role $role): View
    {
        if ($role->name == 'Super Admin') {
            abort(403, 'SUPER ADMIN ROLE CAN NOT BE EDITED');
        }

        $rolePermissions = DB::table("role_has_permissions")->where("role_id", $role->id)
            ->pluck('permission_id')
            ->all();

        return view('roles.edit', [
            'role' => $role,
            'permissions' => Permission::get(),
            'rolePermissions' => $rolePermissions
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Update the specified resource in storage.
     */
    public function update(UpdateRoleRequest $request, Role $role): RedirectResponse
    {
        $input = $request->only('name');

        $role->update($input);

        $role->syncPermissions($request->permissions);

        return redirect()->back()
            ->withSuccess('Role is updated successfully.');
    }
    /**
     * Remove the specified resource from storage.
     */
    public function destroy(Role $role): RedirectResponse
    {
        if ($role->name == 'Super Admin') {
            abort(403, 'SUPER ADMIN ROLE CAN NOT BE DELETED');
        }
        if (auth()->user()->hasRole($role->name)) {
            abort(403, 'CAN NOT DELETE SELF ASSIGNED ROLE');
        }
        $role->delete();
        return redirect()->route('roles.index')
            ->withSuccess('Role is deleted successfully.');
    }
}
</pre>
* App/http/Controllers/UserController
<pre>
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\User;
use App\Http\Requests\StoreUserRequest;
use App\Http\Requests\UpdateUserRequest;
use Illuminate\View\View;
use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Instantiate a new UserController instance.
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->middleware('auth');
        $this->middleware('permission:create-user|edit-user|delete-user', ['only' => ['index','show']]);
        $this->middleware('permission:create-user', ['only' => ['create','store']]);
        $this->middleware('permission:edit-user', ['only' => ['edit','update']]);
        $this->middleware('permission:delete-user', ['only' => ['destroy']]);
    }

    /**
     * Display a listing of the resource.
     */
    public function index(): View
    {
        return view('users.index', [
            'users' => User::latest('id')->paginate(3)
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for creating a new resource.
     */
    public function create(): View
    {
        return view('users.create', [
            'roles' => Role::pluck('name')->all()
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Store a newly created resource in storage.
     */
    public function store(StoreUserRequest $request): RedirectResponse
    {
        $input = $request->all();
        $input['password'] = Hash::make($request->password);

        $user = User::create($input);
        $user->assignRole($request->roles);

        return redirect()->route('users.index')
                ->withSuccess('New user is added successfully.');
    }

    /**
     * Display the specified resource.
     */
    public function show(User $user): View
    {
        return view('users.show', [
            'user' => $user
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for editing the specified resource.
     */
    public function edit(User $user): View
    {
        // Check Only Super Admin can update his own Profile
        if ($user->hasRole('Super Admin')){
            if($user->id != auth()->user()->id){
                abort(403, 'USER DOES NOT HAVE THE RIGHT PERMISSIONS');
            }
        }

        return view('users.edit', [
            'user' => $user,
            'roles' => Role::pluck('name')->all(),
            'userRoles' => $user->roles->pluck('name')->all()
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Update the specified resource in storage.
     */
    public function update(UpdateUserRequest $request, User $user): RedirectResponse
    {
        $input = $request->all();
 
        if(!empty($request->password)){
            $input['password'] = Hash::make($request->password);
        }else{
            $input = $request->except('password');
        }
        
        $user->update($input);

        $user->syncRoles($request->roles);

        return redirect()->back()
                ->withSuccess('User is updated successfully.');
    }

    /**
     * Remove the specified resource from storage.
     */
    public function destroy(User $user): RedirectResponse
    {
        // About if user is Super Admin or User ID belongs to Auth User
        if ($user->hasRole('Super Admin') || $user->id == auth()->user()->id)
        {
            abort(403, 'USER DOES NOT HAVE THE RIGHT PERMISSIONS');
        }

        $user->syncRoles([]);
        $user->delete();
        return redirect()->route('users.index')
                ->withSuccess('User is deleted successfully.');
    }
}
</pre>
== Requests für User und Role ==
<pre>
php artisan make:request StoreRoleRequest
php artisan make:request UpdateRoleRequest
php artisan make:request StoreUserRequest
php artisan make:request UpdateUserRequest
</pre>
=== app/Http/Requests/StoreRoleRequest.php ===
<pre>
<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;

class StoreRoleRequest extends FormRequest
{
    /**
     * Determine if the user is authorized to make this request.
     */
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }
    /**
     * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
     *
     * @return array<string, \Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidationRule|array<mixed>|string>
     */
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'name' => 'required|string|max:250|unique:roles,name',
            'permissions' => 'required',
        ];
    }
}
</pre>
=== app/Http/Requests/UpdateRoleRequest.php ===
<pre>
<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;

class UpdateRoleRequest extends FormRequest
{
    /**
     * Determine if the user is authorized to make this request.
     */
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }
    /**
     * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
     *
     * @return array<string, \Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidationRule|array<mixed>|string>
     */
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'name' => 'required|string|max:250|unique:roles,name,'.$this->role->id,
            'permissions' => 'required',
        ];
    }
}
</pre>
=== app/Http/Requests/StoreUserRequest.php ===
<pre>
<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;

class StoreUserRequest extends FormRequest
{
    /**
     * Determine if the user is authorized to make this request.
     */
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }
    /**
     * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
     *
     * @return array<string, \Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidationRule|array<mixed>|string>
     */
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'name' => 'required|string|max:250',
            'email' => 'required|string|email:rfc,dns|max:250|unique:users,email',
            'password' => 'required|string|min:8|confirmed',
            'roles' => 'required'
        ];
    }
}
</pre>
=== app/Http/Requests/UpdateUserRequest.php ===
<pre>
<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;

class UpdateUserRequest extends FormRequest
{
    /**
     * Determine if the user is authorized to make this request.
     */
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }
    /**
     * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
     *
     * @return array<string, \Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidationRule|array<mixed>|string>
     */
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'name' => 'required|string|max:250',
            'email' => 'required|string|email:rfc,dns|max:250|unique:users,email,'.$this->user->id,
            'password' => 'nullable|string|min:8|confirmed',
            'roles' => 'required'
        ];
    }
}
</pre>
== Views für Role und User ==
<pre>
php artisan make:view users.index
php artisan make:view users.create
php artisan make:view users.edit
php artisan make:view users.show
php artisan make:view roles.index
php artisan make:view roles.create
php artisan make:view roles.edit
php artisan make:view roles.show
</pre>
=== resources/views/roles/index.blade.php ===
<pre>
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="card">
    <div class="card-header">Manage Roles</div>
    <div class="card-body">
        @can('create-role')
            <a href="{{ route('roles.create') }}" class="btn btn-success btn-sm my-2"><i class="bi bi-plus-circle"></i> Add New Role</a>
        @endcan
        <table class="table table-striped table-bordered">
            <thead>
                <tr>
                <th scope="col">S#</th>
                <th scope="col">Name</th>
                <th scope="col" style="width: 250px;">Action</th>
                </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
                @forelse ($roles as $role)
                <tr>
                    <th scope="row">{{ $loop->iteration }}</th>
                    <td>{{ $role->name }}</td>
                    <td>
                        <form action="{{ route('roles.destroy', $role->id) }}" method="post">
                            @csrf
                            @method('DELETE')
                            <a href="{{ route('roles.show', $role->id) }}" class="btn btn-warning btn-sm"><i class="bi bi-eye"></i> Show</a>
                            @if ($role->name!='Super Admin')
                                @can('edit-role')
                                    <a href="{{ route('roles.edit', $role->id) }}" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"><i class="bi bi-pencil-square"></i> Edit</a>   
                                @endcan
                                @can('delete-role')
                                    @if ($role->name!=Auth::user()->hasRole($role->name))
                                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm" onclick="return confirm('Do you want to delete this role?');"><i class="bi bi-trash"></i> Delete</button>
                                    @endif
                                @endcan
                            @endif

                        </form>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                @empty
                    <td colspan="3">
                        <span class="text-danger">
                            <strong>No Role Found!</strong>
                        </span>
                    </td>
                @endforelse
            </tbody>
        </table>
        {{ $roles->links() }}
    </div>
</div>
@endsection
</pre>
=== resources/views/roles/create.blade.php ===
<pre>
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="row justify-content-center">
    <div class="col-md-8">
        <div class="card">
            <div class="card-header">
                <div class="float-start">
                    Add New Role
                </div>
                <div class="float-end">
                    <a href="{{ route('roles.index') }}" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">&larr; Back</a>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="card-body">
                <form action="{{ route('roles.store') }}" method="post">
                    @csrf
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="name" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start">Name</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">
                          <input type="text" class="form-control @error('name') is-invalid @enderror" id="name" name="name" value="{{ old('name') }}">
                            @if ($errors->has('name'))
                                <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('name') }}</span>
                            @endif
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="permissions" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start">Permissions</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">           
                            <select class="form-select @error('permissions') is-invalid @enderror" multiple aria-label="Permissions" id="permissions" name="permissions[]" style="height: 210px;">
                                @forelse ($permissions as $permission)
                                    <option value="{{ $permission->id }}" {{ in_array($permission->id, old('permissions') ?? []) ? 'selected' : '' }}>
                                        {{ $permission->name }}
                                    </option>
                                @empty
                                @endforelse
                            </select>
                            @if ($errors->has('permissions'))
                                <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('permissions') }}</span>
                            @endif
                        </div>
                    </div>                  
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <input type="submit" class="col-md-3 offset-md-5 btn btn-primary" value="Add Role">
                    </div>
                    
                </form>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>    
</div>
@endsection
</pre>
=== resources/views/roles/edit.blade.php ===
<pre>
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="row justify-content-center">
    <div class="col-md-8">
        <div class="card">
            <div class="card-header">
                <div class="float-start">
                    Edit Role
                </div>
                <div class="float-end">
                    <a href="{{ route('roles.index') }}" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">&larr; Back</a>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="card-body">
                <form action="{{ route('roles.update', $role->id) }}" method="post">
                    @csrf
                    @method("PUT")

                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="name" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start">Name</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">
                          <input type="text" class="form-control @error('name') is-invalid @enderror" id="name" name="name" value="{{ $role->name }}">
                            @if ($errors->has('name'))
                                <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('name') }}</span>
                            @endif
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="permissions" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start">Permissions</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">           
                            <select class="form-select @error('permissions') is-invalid @enderror" multiple aria-label="Permissions" id="permissions" name="permissions[]" style="height: 210px;">
                                @forelse ($permissions as $permission)
                                    <option value="{{ $permission->id }}" {{ in_array($permission->id, $rolePermissions ?? []) ? 'selected' : '' }}>
                                        {{ $permission->name }}
                                    </option>
                                @empty
                                @endforelse
                            </select>
                            @if ($errors->has('permissions'))
                                <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('permissions') }}</span>
                            @endif
                        </div>
                    </div>                    
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <input type="submit" class="col-md-3 offset-md-5 btn btn-primary" value="Update Role">
                    </div>
                </form>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>    
</div>
@endsection
</pre>

=== resources/views/roles/show.blade.php ===
<pre>
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="row justify-content-center">
    <div class="col-md-8">
        <div class="card">
            <div class="card-header">
                <div class="float-start">
                    Role Information
                </div>
                <div class="float-end">
                    <a href="{{ route('roles.index') }}" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">&larr; Back</a>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="card-body">

                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="name" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start"><strong>Name:</strong></label>
                        <div class="col-md-6" style="line-height: 35px;">
                            {{ $role->name }}
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="roles" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start"><strong>Permissions:</strong></label>
                        <div class="col-md-6" style="line-height: 35px;">
                            @if ($role->name=='Super Admin')
                                <span class="badge bg-primary">All</span>
                            @else
                                @forelse ($rolePermissions as $permission)
                                    <span class="badge bg-primary">{{ $permission->name }}</span>
                                @empty
                                @endforelse
                            @endif
                        </div>
                    </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>    
@endsection
</pre>

=== resources/views/users/index.blade.php ===
<pre>
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="card">
    <div class="card-header">Manage Users</div>
    <div class="card-body">
        @can('create-user')
            <a href="{{ route('users.create') }}" class="btn btn-success btn-sm my-2"><i class="bi bi-plus-circle"></i> Add New User</a>
        @endcan
        <table class="table table-striped table-bordered">
            <thead>
                <tr>
                <th scope="col">S#</th>
                <th scope="col">Name</th>
                <th scope="col">Email</th>
                <th scope="col">Roles</th>
                <th scope="col">Action</th>
                </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
                @forelse ($users as $user)
                <tr>
                    <th scope="row">{{ $loop->iteration }}</th>
                    <td>{{ $user->name }}</td>
                    <td>{{ $user->email }}</td>
                    <td>
                        @forelse ($user->getRoleNames() as $role)
                            <span class="badge bg-primary">{{ $role }}</span>
                        @empty
                        @endforelse
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <form action="{{ route('users.destroy', $user->id) }}" method="post">
                            @csrf
                            @method('DELETE')

                            <a href="{{ route('users.show', $user->id) }}" class="btn btn-warning btn-sm"><i class="bi bi-eye"></i> Show</a>

                            @if (in_array('Super Admin', $user->getRoleNames()->toArray() ?? []) )
                                @if (Auth::user()->hasRole('Super Admin'))
                                    <a href="{{ route('users.edit', $user->id) }}" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"><i class="bi bi-pencil-square"></i> Edit</a>
                                @endif
                            @else
                                @can('edit-user')
                                    <a href="{{ route('users.edit', $user->id) }}" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"><i class="bi bi-pencil-square"></i> Edit</a>   
                                @endcan

                                @can('delete-user')
                                    @if (Auth::user()->id!=$user->id)
                                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm" onclick="return confirm('Do you want to delete this user?');"><i class="bi bi-trash"></i> Delete</button>
                                    @endif
                                @endcan
                            @endif

                        </form>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                @empty
                    <td colspan="5">
                        <span class="text-danger">
                            <strong>No User Found!</strong>
                        </span>
                    </td>
                @endforelse
            </tbody>
        </table>
        {{ $users->links() }}
    </div>
</div>
@endsection
</pre>

=== resources/views/users/create.blade.php ===
<pre>
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="row justify-content-center">
    <div class="col-md-8">
        <div class="card">
            <div class="card-header">
                <div class="float-start">
                    Add New User
                </div>
                <div class="float-end">
                    <a href="{{ route('users.index') }}" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">&larr; Back</a>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="card-body">
                <form action="{{ route('users.store') }}" method="post">
                    @csrf

                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="name" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start">Name</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">
                          <input type="text" class="form-control @error('name') is-invalid @enderror" id="name" name="name" value="{{ old('name') }}">
                            @if ($errors->has('name'))
                                <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('name') }}</span>
                            @endif
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="email" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start">Email Address</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">
                          <input type="email" class="form-control @error('email') is-invalid @enderror" id="email" name="email" value="{{ old('email') }}">
                            @if ($errors->has('email'))
                                <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('email') }}</span>
                            @endif
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="password" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start">Password</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">
                          <input type="password" class="form-control @error('password') is-invalid @enderror" id="password" name="password">
                            @if ($errors->has('password'))
                                <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('password') }}</span>
                            @endif
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="password_confirmation" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start">Confirm Password</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">
                          <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password_confirmation" name="password_confirmation">
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="roles" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start">Roles</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">           
                            <select class="form-select @error('roles') is-invalid @enderror" multiple aria-label="Roles" id="roles" name="roles[]">
                                @forelse ($roles as $role)
                                    @if ($role!='Super Admin')
                                        <option value="{{ $role }}" {{ in_array($role, old('roles') ?? []) ? 'selected' : '' }}>
                                        {{ $role }}
                                        </option>
                                    @else
                                        @if (Auth::user()->hasRole('Super Admin'))   
                                            <option value="{{ $role }}" {{ in_array($role, old('roles') ?? []) ? 'selected' : '' }}>
                                            {{ $role }}
                                            </option>
                                        @endif
                                    @endif
                                @empty
                                @endforelse
                            </select>
                            @if ($errors->has('roles'))
                                <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('roles') }}</span>
                            @endif
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <input type="submit" class="col-md-3 offset-md-5 btn btn-primary" value="Add User">
                    </div>
                </form>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>    
@endsection
</pre>

=== resources/views/users/edit.blade.php ===
<pre>
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="row justify-content-center">
    <div class="col-md-8">
        <div class="card">
            <div class="card-header">
                <div class="float-start">
                    Edit User
                </div>
                <div class="float-end">
                    <a href="{{ route('users.index') }}" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">&larr; Back</a>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="card-body">
                <form action="{{ route('users.update', $user->id) }}" method="post">
                    @csrf
                    @method("PUT")
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="name" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start">Name</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">
                          <input type="text" class="form-control @error('name') is-invalid @enderror" id="name" name="name" value="{{ $user->name }}">
                            @if ($errors->has('name'))
                                <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('name') }}</span>
                            @endif
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="email" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start">Email Address</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">
                          <input type="email" class="form-control @error('email') is-invalid @enderror" id="email" name="email" value="{{ $user->email }}">
                            @if ($errors->has('email'))
                                <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('email') }}</span>
                            @endif
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="password" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start">Password</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">
                          <input type="password" class="form-control @error('password') is-invalid @enderror" id="password" name="password">
                            @if ($errors->has('password'))
                                <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('password') }}</span>
                            @endif
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="password_confirmation" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start">Confirm Password</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">
                          <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password_confirmation" name="password_confirmation">
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="roles" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start">Roles</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">           
                            <select class="form-select @error('roles') is-invalid @enderror" multiple aria-label="Roles" id="roles" name="roles[]">
                                @forelse ($roles as $role)
                                    @if ($role!='Super Admin')
                                    <option value="{{ $role }}" {{ in_array($role, $userRoles ?? []) ? 'selected' : '' }}>
                                        {{ $role }}
                                    </option>
                                    @else
                                        @if (Auth::user()->hasRole('Super Admin'))   
                                        <option value="{{ $role }}" {{ in_array($role, $userRoles ?? []) ? 'selected' : '' }}>
                                            {{ $role }}
                                        </option>
                                        @endif
                                    @endif
                                @empty
                                @endforelse
                            </select>
                            @if ($errors->has('roles'))
                                <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('roles') }}</span>
                            @endif
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <input type="submit" class="col-md-3 offset-md-5 btn btn-primary" value="Update User">
                    </div>
                </form>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>    
@endsection
</pre>

=== resources/views/users/show.blade.php ===
<pre>
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="row justify-content-center">
    <div class="col-md-8">
        <div class="card">
            <div class="card-header">
                <div class="float-start">
                    User Information
                </div>
                <div class="float-end">
                    <a href="{{ route('users.index') }}" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">&larr; Back</a>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="card-body">
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="name" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start"><strong>Name:</strong></label>
                        <div class="col-md-6" style="line-height: 35px;">
                            {{ $user->name }}
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="email" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start"><strong>Email Address:</strong></label>
                        <div class="col-md-6" style="line-height: 35px;">
                            {{ $user->email }}
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mb-3 row">
                        <label for="roles" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-end text-start"><strong>Roles:</strong></label>
                        <div class="col-md-6" style="line-height: 35px;">
                            @forelse ($user->getRoleNames() as $role)
                                <span class="badge bg-primary">{{ $role }}</span>
                            @empty
                            @endforelse
                        </div>
                    </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>    
@endsection
</pre>
== resources/views/layhouts/app.blade.php ==
<pre>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="{{ str_replace('_', '-', app()->getLocale()) }}">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

    <!-- CSRF Token -->
    <meta name="csrf-token" content="{{ csrf_token() }}">

    <title>Simple Laravel 10 User Roles and Permissions - AllPHPTricks.com</title>

    <!-- Fonts -->
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.bunny.net">
    <link href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Nunito" rel="stylesheet">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.10.5/font/bootstrap-icons.css">
    <!-- Scripts -->
    @vite(['resources/sass/app.scss', 'resources/js/app.js'])
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">
        <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light bg-white shadow-sm">
            <div class="container">
                <a class="navbar-brand" href="{{ url('/') }}">
                    AllPHPTricks.com
                </a>
                <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="{{ __('Toggle navigation') }}">
                    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
                </button>

                <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
                    <!-- Left Side Of Navbar -->
                    <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto">

                    </ul>

                    <!-- Right Side Of Navbar -->
                    <ul class="navbar-nav ms-auto">
                        <!-- Authentication Links -->
                        @guest
                            @if (Route::has('login'))
                                <li class="nav-item">
                                    <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('login') }}">{{ __('Login') }}</a>
                                </li>
                            @endif

                            @if (Route::has('register'))
                                <li class="nav-item">
                                    <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('register') }}">{{ __('Register') }}</a>
                                </li>
                            @endif
                        @else
                            @canany(['create-role', 'edit-role', 'delete-role'])
                                <li><a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('roles.index') }}">Manage Roles</a></li>
                            @endcanany
                            @canany(['create-user', 'edit-user', 'delete-user'])
                                <li><a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('users.index') }}">Manage Users</a></li>
                            @endcanany
                            @canany(['create-product', 'edit-product', 'delete-product'])
                                <li><a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('products.index') }}">Manage Products</a></li>
                            @endcanany
                            <li class="nav-item dropdown">
                                <a id="navbarDropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" v-pre>
                                    {{ Auth::user()->name }}
                                </a>

                                <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-end" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown">
                                    <a class="dropdown-item" href="{{ route('logout') }}"
                                       onclick="event.preventDefault();
                                                     document.getElementById('logout-form').submit();">
                                        {{ __('Logout') }}
                                    </a>

                                    <form id="logout-form" action="{{ route('logout') }}" method="POST" class="d-none">
                                        @csrf
                                    </form>
                                </div>
                            </li>
                        @endguest
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </nav>

        <main class="py-4">
            <div class="container">
                <div class="row justify-content-center mt-3">
                    <div class="col-md-12">
                        
                        @if ($message = Session::get('success'))
                            <div class="alert alert-success text-center" role="alert">
                                {{ $message }}
                            </div>
                        @endif

                        <h3 class="text-center mt-3 mb-3">Simple Laravel 10 User Roles and Permissions - <a href="https://www.allphptricks.com/">AllPHPTricks.com</a></h3>
                        @yield('content')
                        
                        <div class="row justify-content-center text-center mt-3">
                            <div class="col-md-12">
                                <p>Back to Tutorial: 
                                    <a href="https://www.allphptricks.com/simple-laravel-10-user-roles-and-permissions/"><strong>Tutorial Link</strong></a>
                                </p>
                                <p>
                                    For More Web Development Tutorials Visit: <a href="https://www.allphptricks.com/"><strong>AllPHPTricks.com</strong></a>
                                </p>
                            </div>
                        </div>


                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </main>
    </div>
</body>
</html>
</pre>

== resources/views/home.blade.php ==
<pre>
@extends('layouts.app')

@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <div class="row justify-content-center">
        <div class="col-md-12">
            <div class="card">
                <div class="card-header">{{ __('Dashboard') }}</div>

                <div class="card-body">
                    @if (session('status'))
                        <div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
                            {{ session('status') }}
                        </div>
                    @endif

                    {{ __('You are logged in!') }}

                    <p>This is your application dashboard.</p>
                    @canany(['create-role', 'edit-role', 'delete-role'])
                        <a class="btn btn-primary" href="{{ route('roles.index') }}">
                            <i class="bi bi-person-fill-gear"></i> Manage Roles</a>
                    @endcanany
                    @canany(['create-user', 'edit-user', 'delete-user'])
                        <a class="btn btn-success" href="{{ route('users.index') }}">
                            <i class="bi bi-people"></i> Manage Users</a>
                    @endcanany
                    @canany(['create-product', 'edit-product', 'delete-product'])
                        <a class="btn btn-warning" href="{{ route('products.index') }}">
                            <i class="bi bi-bag"></i> Manage Products</a>
                    @endcanany
                    <p>&nbsp;</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
@endsection
</pre>